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The training is for individual persons, small group of persons or to the organizations.Initially, the one has to choose the subject (s), topics, software for the training and give your tentative date to organize the training. Select from topics given in Training and Workshop section. |
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List of Projects:
1. Speech recognition system for isolated words
Speech recognition technology is used more and more for telephone applications like travel booking and information, financial account information, customer service call routing, and directory assistance. Using constrained grammar recognition, such applications can achieve remarkably high accuracy. Research and development in speech recognition technology has continued to grow as the cost for implementing such voice-activated systems has dropped and the usefulness and efficacy of these systems has improved. For example, recognition systems optimized for telephone applications can often supply information about the confidence of a particular recognition, and if the confidence is low, it can trigger the application to prompt callers to confirm or repeat their request. Furthermore, speech recognition has enabled the automation of certain applications that are not automatable using push-button interactive voice response (IVR) systems, like directory assistance and systems that allow callers to "dial" by speaking names listed in an electronic phone book.
2. Speaker recognition system
Speaker recognition is the process of automatically recognizing who is speaking on the basis of individual information included in speech waves. This technique makes it possible to use the speaker's voice to verify their identity and control access to services such as voice dialing, banking by telephone, telephone shopping, database access services, information services, voice mail, security control for confidential information areas, and remote access to computers.
Speaker identity is correlated with the physiological and behavioral characteristics of the speaker. These characteristics exist both in the spectral envelope (vocal tract characteristics) and in the supra-segmental features (voice source characteristics and dynamic features spanning several segments). The most common short-term spectral measurements currently used are Linear Predictive Coding (LPC)-derived cepstral coefficients and their regression coefficients. A spectral envelope reconstructed from a truncated set of cepstral coefficients is much smoother than one reconstructed from LPC coefficients. Therefore it provides a stabler representation from one repetition to another of a particular speaker's utterances. As for the regression coefficients, typically the first- and second-order coefficients are extracted at every frame period to represent the spectral dynamics. These coefficients are derivatives of the time functions of the cepstral coefficients and are respectively called the delta- and delta-delta-cepstral coefficients.
3. Coherent Point Drift for Biometric Identification/Ear detection
Biometrics is being more and more widely used in recently year owing to the irreproducible characteristics of the human body. As one kind of biometrics, the ear has its own characters: the structure of the ear is rich and stable, and does not change radically over time; the ear is less variability with expressions, and has a more uniform distribution of color than faces. These unique characters of the ear make it possible to make up the drawbacks of other biometrics and to enrich the biometrics identification technology. At present ear recognition technology has been developed from the initial feasible research to the stage of how to enhance ear recognition performance further, for instance, 3D ear recognition, ear recognition with occlusion, and multi-pose ear recognition. Here developed a simple and fast algorithm for ear recognition based on Principal Component Analysis that is capable to recognize ears with a low error rate. Moreover code is capable to perform 1:1 verification using an approach based on Coherent Point Drift (CPD) with a high degree of accuracy.
4. Face recognition using eigen faces
Research on automatic face recognition in images has rapidly developed into several inter-related lines, and this research has both lead to and been driven by a disparate and expanding set of commercial applications. The large number of research activities is evident in the growing number of scientific communications published on subjects related to face processing and recognition.
5. Character recognition using neural networks.
A back-propagation neural network with one hidden layer was used to create an adaptive character recognition system. The system was trained and evaluated with printed text, as well as several different forms of handwriting provided by both male and female participants. Experiments tested (1) the effect of set size on recognition accuracy with printed text, and (2) the effect of handwriting style on recognition accuracy. Results showed reduced accuracy in recognizing printed text when differentiating between more than 12 characters. The handwriting style of the subjects had varying and drastic effects on recognition accuracy which illuminated some of the problems with the systems character encoding
6. Finger Print Classification for Access Control Systems using ANN
The following are including in the work.
Image Enhancement
Histogram Equalization, Fast Fourier Transform, Binarization, Block Direction Estimation, Region of Interest, Thinning, Removal of H-Break, Removal of Spikes
Feature Extraction (Minutiae)
Minutiae Marking, Removing False Minutiae, Singular Point Detection using Poincare Index, Primary
classification
Multi-Class Classification using Artificial Neural Network (ANN).
7. Adaptive Noise Cancellation Using RLS Adaptive Filtering (Fuzzy logic)
This illustrates the ability of the RLS filter to extract useful information from a noisy signal. The information bearing signal is a sine wave that is corrupted by additive white gaussian noise. The adaptive noise cancellation system assumes the use of two microphones. A primary microphone picks up the noisy input signal, while a secondary microphone receives noise that is uncorrelated to the information bearing signal, but is correlated to the noise picked up by the primary microphone. This is also carried out using the Fuzzy Logic (ANFIS and GENFIS1)
8. Face recognition using morphological neural network
Classification of a new image of a person with different facial expression from a set of predefined number of persons and expressions. YONGGWANWON used gray scale hit-miss transforms for Automatic target recognition. Morphological shape detector that can be used to look for particular patterns of foreground and background pixels on an image. If two images belong to the same person, the irhit miss outputs would produce peaks that are very close. Feature map is a composite of eroded and dilated facial features. Erosion and dilation are MORPHOLOGICAL operations.
9. Finger print detection
With identity fraud in our society reaching unprecedented proportions and with an increasing emphasis on the emerging automatic personal identification applications, biometrics-based verification, especially fingerprint-based identification, is receiving a lot of attention. There are two major shortcomings of the traditional approaches to fingerprint representation. For a considerable fraction of population, the representations based on explicit detection of complete ridge structures in the fingerprint are difficult to extract automatically. The widely used minutiae-based representation does not utilize a significant component of the rich discriminatory information available in the fingerprints. Local ridge structures cannot be completely characterized by minutiae. Further, minutiae-based matching has difficulty in quickly matching two fingerprint images containing different number of unregistered minutiae points. The proposed filter-based algorithm uses a bank of Gabor filters to capture both local and global details in a fingerprint as a compact fixed length FingerCode. The fingerprint matching is based on the Euclidean distance between the two corresponding FingerCodes and hence is extremely fast. We are able to achieve a verification accuracy which is only marginally inferior to the best results of minutiae-based algorithms published in the open literature. Our system performs better than a state-of-the-art minutiae-based system when the performance requirement of the application system does not demand a very low false acceptance rate. Finally, we show that the matching performance can be improved by combining the decisions of the matchers based on complementary (minutiae-based and filter-based) fingerprint information.
10. Simulation of code division multiple ACCES
11. An H-infinity approach to robust channel estimation for OFDM wireless communication analysis
12. Analysis of cardiatic signal using signal processing method
13. Simulation of WCDMA system and DS-CDMA system
14. Implementation of multi user detection using gradient projection method
15. Implementation of echo chancellor using kalman filter algorithm
16. Performance of evaluation of spread spectrum communication system using matlab
17. Design and development of fixed cellular terminal
18. MSS reporting terminal
19. Speech recognition using wavelets
20. Sampling rate converter and digital equalizer
21. Adaptive noise cancellation
22. Image and data compression using DCT and MELLIN transforms
23. Developments of test methodology and test cases for ipv6 validation testing tool
24. Blind de convolution for image restoration using matlab
25. Video compression by sub-band coding using wavelets
26. Sequential jpeg image compression
Embedded systems (micro controllers)
27. Advanced embedded automatic car parking system
The Project Automatic Car Parking System using 89C51 Microcontroller is an interesting project which uses 89C51 microcontroller as its brain. The project is designed for car parking. The aim of this project is to atomize the car park for allowing the cars into the park. LCD is provided to display the information about the total number of cars that can be parked and the place free for parking. Two IR TX – RX pairs are used in this project to identify the entry or exit of the cars into/out of park. These two IR TX – RX pairs are arranged either side of the gate. The TX and RX are arranged face to face across the road so that the RX should get IR signal continuously. Whenever the mains are switched on, the LCD displays the message “parking space for 10 vehicles”. The number indicates the maximum capacity of park in this project. Whenever a car comes in front of the gate, the IR signal gets disturbed and the microcontroller will open the gate by rotating the stepper motor. The gate will be closed only after the car leaves the second IR pair since the microcontroller should know whether the car left the gate or not. Now the microcontroller decrements the value of the count and displays it on LCD. In this way, the microcontroller decrements the count whenever the car leaves the park and displays it on LCD. If the count reaches ‘0’, i.e. if the park is completely filled, the microcontroller will display “NO SPACE FOR PARKING” on LCD. And now if any vehicle tries to enter the park, the gate will not be opened since there is no space. If any vehicle leaves the park, the controller will increment the count and allows the other vehicles for parking.
28. An advanced embedded mobile web server for aged people monitoring and parameter back reception using gsm technologies.
This project includes the branch of Biomedical Engineering. This project aims at monitoring the patient’s health conditions continuously. The parameters like the pulse rate, pressure, blood sugar, urea content in the blood are to be monitored continuously. In other words, the doctor will be diagnosing the patient continuously. This project uses the wireless concept, GSM.
It is required to monitor the patient’s temperature, heartbeat & if the temperature increases above certain level injection has to be given. Our system does the same a sensor is used to monitor the patient’s temperature. A microcontroller is used to get the patients temperature & display it on LCD.
A modem provides the communication interface. It transports device protocols transparently over the network through a serial interface. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.
The doctor can continuously check the patient’s status by just sending a predefined message to the GSM modem. The modem will be interfaced with the microcontroller through serial interface. The modem intimates the same to the microcontroller. The controller reads the various parameters from different sensors, processes them and sends the information to the modem. The modem transfers this data to the doctor’s mobile. Thus, the doctor can take immediate actions based on the parameters received from the system using GSM modem.
This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.
29. RFID based attendance system
RFID is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification. RFID is one member in the family of Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) technologies and is a fast and reliable means of identifying just about any material object. This project can be applied in real time applications such as recording the attendance. This system can be used in big companies, industries, colleges, schools, etc where the attendance recording has to be maintained. This system helps us in recording the attendance of a person easily within fraction of seconds. RFID is increasingly used with biometric technologies for security. Primarily, the two main components involved in a Radio Frequency Identification system are the Transponder (tags that are attached to the object) and the Interrogator (RFID reader). Communication between the RFID reader and tags occurs wirelessly and generally doesn’t require a line of sight between the devices.
RFID tags are categorized as either active or passive. Active RFID tags are powered by an internal battery and are typically read/write, i.e., tag data can be rewritten and/or modified. An active tag's memory size varies according to application requirements; some systems operate with up to 1MB of memory. Passive RFID tags operate without a separate external power source and obtain operating power generated from the reader. This project uses passive tags. Read-only tags are typically passive and are programmed with a unique set of data (usually 32 to 128 bits) that cannot be modified. The reader has three main functions: energizing, demodulating and decoding. The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag and to read and write data to it.
In this project, the RFID module reader typically contains a module (transmitter and receiver), a control unit and a coupling element (antenna). This module is interfaced with the micro controller. When the card is brought near to the RFID module, it reads the data in the card and displays on the LCD. If the data in the card is matched with the data stored in the program memory, then it compares with that ID code and displays the time entered along with his/her name on the LCD. If the data is not matched, it alerts a person through a buzzer.
The significant advantage of all types of RFID systems is the non contact, non-line-of-sight nature of the technology. Tags can be read through a variety of substances such as snow, fog, ice, paint, crusted grime, and other visually and environmentally challenging conditions, where barcodes or other optically read technologies would be useless. Hence this project can be very much useful and can be implemented in real time applications for recording the attendance.
30. Automatic embedded two gate interlock for toll tax
Security is the primary concern for everyone. This project is a standalone Embedded two gate interlock control system for toll tax using AT89C51 microcontroller. This project is useful in all applications where two door interlocking is needed. Use of embedded technology makes this closed loop feedback control system efficient and reliable. Micro controller (AT89C51) allows dynamic and faster control. AT89C51 micro controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls all the functions. Two IR TX – RX pairs are used in this project to identify the entry or exit of the person. These two IR TX – RX pairs are arranged each one on two doors. The TX and RX are arranged face to face across the door so that the RX should get IR signal continuously. Initially the entry gate is closed. Whenever any person comes in front of the entry gate, the IR RX identifies it since the IR signal gets disturbed. Then the microcontroller opens the entry gate by rotating the stepper motor. After some delay, the gate will be closed.
After the person finishes his task, when he stands near the exit door, the second IR pair placed at the exit gate detects the vehicle and then the exit gate opens for the vehicle to leave. The microcontroller closes the gate only after the vehicle exits out. And again the entry door sensor will be waiting for the next person to enter. Thus both the entry and exit gates will be locked when a vehicle is present in between the two gates providing security in all means. This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12V DC is used for relay. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.
31. Automatic intelligent room light controller with visitor counter using IR
In this competitive world and busy schedule human cannot spare time to perform his daily activities manually. The most common thing that he forgets to do is switching OFF the lights wherever they are not required. This project is a standalone automatic room light controller with auto door opening and closing. The main aim of the project is to control the lighting in a room depending upon lighting that is present in the room. Use of embedded technology makes this closed loop feedback control system efficient and reliable. Micro controller (AT89C51) allows dynamic and faster control. Liquid crystal display (LCD) makes the system user-friendly. AT89C51 micro controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls all the functions.
The system comprises of two IR Transmitter-Receiver pairs, one of which is located in front of the door outside the room. The other pair is located inside the room. LDR is placed outside the room and is used to identify whether it is day or night time. Initially the light is switched off in the room. Whenever a person tries to enter into the room, the receiver of first IR pair identifies the person. Then the microcontroller opens the door by rotating the stepper motor. After the person had entered into the room completely, the door will be closed automatically.
The light is switched off even if anyone is present inside the room during the day time. Similarly, the light is switched off if no one is there inside the room or if it is night times. Thus, depending on the intensity of light and the surrounding temperature, the required action is performed by the microcontroller. LCD displays the number of persons present inside the room. This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.
32. Automatic railway gate control system using IR
This project is a standalone Automation of unmanned railway gate control system using AT89C51 microcontroller. Use of embedded technology makes this closed loop feedback control system efficient and reliable. Micro controller (AT89C51) allows dynamic and faster control. AT89C51 micro controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls all the functions.
The main aim of this project is to automize the unmanned railway gate i.e. the gate is closed automatically whenever the train comes and is opened after the train leaves the railway-road crossing. Using this project, the arrival of the train can be identified in either direction. For this purpose, two IR transmitter and receiver pairs are used in this project. LCD is provided to display the information about the arrival and departure of the train.
One IR TX-RX pair is placed at one end of the railway gate. The second pair is placed at another end of the gate. In each pair, the TX and RX are arranged face to face across the railway track i.e., TX is situated at one side of the track and RX is placed at another side of the track since the RX should continuously get the signal from the transmitter.
Whenever any train is coming on the track, the IR signal will be disturbed due to the interruption of the train. Thus the microcontroller identifies the arrival of the train. Before closing the gate, the microcontroller activates the siren to alert the people who are on the track. After 30 sec, the controller closes the gate by rotating the stepper motor.
The microcontroller should know whether the train left the crossing or not to open the gate. For this purpose, the second IR pair is used. This IR pair identifies the train since the IR signal is interrupted when the train comes in between the TX and RX. The micro controller will wait for the last compartment to leave the IR pair and after leaving, the receiver again gets IR signal. Till this time the gate is closed. Now, after the train had left the crossing, the microcontroller will open the gate by rotating the stepper motor.
This project is more useful and there is no chance for accidents since time delays or length of the train is not calculated. Just the IR pairs will detect the arrival and departure of the train.
33. Automatic station indication system for railways
With the title itself, everyone can understand that this project is exclusively used to give the information of the forthcoming station to the passengers in the train. Most of the passengers do not bother about the stations arriving until their destination station arrives. There may also be chances like they miss their destination and has to get down at some other station and go back to reach their destination. To get rid of this kind of problems, we have designed a project Automatic Station Indication System.
This project uses wireless communication, RF. RF has the advantages of fast communication for longer distances and reliability. The RF modules used here are STT-433 MHz Transmitter, STR-433 MHz Receiver, HT640 RF Encoder and HT648 RF Decoder.
Every station will be having the RF transmitter. The RF receiver will be fixed in every compartment in the train. As the train moves and approaches, the RF transmitter fixed at one end in the station continuously transmits the area code. The RF receiver present in the train, as it comes in the range receives this information and displays on LCD fixed in each compartment. Thus the passengers can know the forthcoming station and act accordingly.
34. Bus location announcement system
The most common modes of public transport are the buses. When we arrive at a bus stop, we are not sure if the bus that we want to board has left the bus stop or not. We don’t even know how much time it will take for the bus to arrive. We have designed this project trying to solve this problem to provide better service to the passengers using RFID.
RFID tags are categorized as either active or passive. Active RFID tags are powered by an internal battery and are typically read/write, i.e., tag data can be rewritten and/or modified. An active tag's memory size varies according to application requirements; some systems operate with up to 1MB of memory. Passive RFID tags operate without a separate external power source and obtain operating power generated from the reader. This project uses passive tags. Read-only tags are typically passive and are programmed with a unique set of data (usually 32 to 128 bits) that cannot be modified. The reader has three main functions: energizing, demodulating and decoding. The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag and to read and write data to it.
The significant advantage of all types of RFID systems is the non contact, non-line-of-sight nature of the technology. Tags can be read through a variety of substances such as snow, fog, ice, paint, crusted grime, and other visually and environmentally challenging conditions, where barcodes or other optically read technologies would be useless.
Each bus contains a RFID tag which contains the bus number. And each bus stop contains a RFID reader which reads this TAG. All the bus stops are connected to each other & when a bus is detected at a stop, the bus number is then sent to the next bus stop. The next bus stop receives the bus number & displays it ON the LCD along with the time at which the bus has arrived at the previous bus stop. Display is cleared only when the bus arrives at this stop & then the bus number is then sent to the Next Bus Stop.
Each bus stop consists of RFID reader whose data is sent to the microcontroller, which then sends the data to the next bus stop and LCD displays the bus number & the time at which the bus has arrived at previous bus stop.
35. Wireless dc motor speed and direction control
A pulse width modulator (PWM) is a device that may be used as an efficient DC motor speed controller or light dimmer. This project is a versatile device that can control DC devices which draw up to a few amps of current. The circuit may be used in either 12 or 24 Volt systems with only a few minor wiring changes. This device has been used to control the speed of the DC motor and to control brightness of an automotive tail lamp.
A PWM circuit works by making a square wave with a variable on-to-off ratio, the average on time may be varied from 0 to 100 percent. In this manner, a variable amount of power is transferred to the load. The main advantage of a PWM circuit over a resistive power controller is the efficiency, at a 50% level, the PWM will use about 50% of full power, almost all of which is transferred to the load, a resistive controller at 50% load power would consume about 71% of full power, 50% of the power goes to the load and the other 21% is wasted heating the series resistor.
One additional advantage of pulse width modulation is that the pulses reach the full supply voltage and will produce more torque in a motor by being able to overcome the internal motor resistances more easily.
The RF modules used here are STT-433 MHz Transmitter, STR-433 MHz Receiver, HT640 RF Encoder and HT648 RF Decoder. Four switches are provided at the transmitter end, to control the speed and direction of the dc motor which is connected at the receiver side. Two push-to-on switches are provided for increasing / decreasing the speed of the motor. Two more push-to-on switches are provided to rotate the motor in Clock wise / Counter clock wise direction.
The four switches are interfaced to the RF transmitter through RF Encoder. The encoder continuously reads the status of the switches, passes the data to the RF transmitter and the transmitter transmits the data.
At the receiving end, the RF receiver receives this data, gives it to RF decoder. This decoder converts the single bit data into 8-bit data and presents it to the microcontroller. Now, it is the job of the controller to read the data and perform the corresponding action i.e., to rotate the dc motor clockwise, anticlockwise, increase or decrease the speed of the dc motor.
36. Development of an intelligent embedded system GSM based automation
In our day to day lives, we use many electronic devices for various purposes but we do not know the internal functioning of these devices. The things around us are changing a lot and everything is automated without the involvement of an individual. Embedded Systems is playing a vital role in our daily needs. Use of embedded technology makes this closed loop feedback control system efficient and reliable. Micro controller (AT89C51) allows dynamic and faster control. AT89C51 micro controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls all the functions.
Wireless communication, GSM is used to control the appliances. The appliances wherever required to be controlled can be done simply by sending messages to the controlling unit. The GSM modem will be connected to the controlling unit.
A modem provides the communication interface. It transports device protocols transparently over the network through a serial interface. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.
The GSM modem will be interfaced to the microcontroller section through serial port interface. The user has to send the predefined SMS to the modem whenever he wants to change or retrieve the status of any of the appliances.
37. Electricity billing system using GSM
Due to the drastic changes in technology in the last decade, so many advancements were introduced in electricity departments. The present system is like, a person from electricity department has to go to each and every house to take the readings from the digital meter and present these details to the billing department and after all their processing, they generate a bill and another person comes and gives the electricity bill to us and finally we have pay the bill.
To eliminate all these and make the system totally an automated one, we have designed this project. Since the meter that reads the number of consumed units is actually a digital meter, it contains a controlling unit in it. To this unit, a GSM modem will be interfaced. A modem provides the communication interface. It transports device protocols transparently over the network through a serial interface.
A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.
At the end of every month, the electricity department has to generate the bill and give it to the consumers so that they pay their bills. But before this, the person who actually takes care of reading the consumed units, now records the data using GSM modem.
The person sends the predefined message to the GSM modem to read the consumed units. The GSM modem will be interfaced with the microcontroller present in the digital meter. The GSM modem receives the predefined message and intimate the same to the controller. The microcontroller reads the units from the meter and presents this value to the modem. The person receives the information of the consumed units from the modem and now based on these units, they generate the bill finally.
38. Embedded automatic robotic car through SMS using GSM
The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory. This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms.
This project describes a new economical solution of robot control systems. The presented robot control system can be used for different sophisticated robot applications. The control system consists of a GSM modem, a microcontroller that collects data from the modem and controls the robot.
Robot is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and software all working together to perform a task. Designing, building, programming and testing a robot is a combination of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, structural engineering, mathematics and computing. In some cases biology, medicine, chemistry might also be involved. A study of robotics means that students are actively engaged with all of these disciplines in a deeply problem-posing problem-solving environment.
A complete solution of a robot control solution is presented in this project. The robot is fully controlled by the microcontroller and the information received by the modem is received by the microcontroller. The mechanical arrangement to the robot is arranged to the robot as a robotic car.
A modem provides the communication interface. It transports device protocols transparently over the network through a serial interface. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.
Thus, in order to control the robotic car using GSM, the user has to send the predefined messages to the modem. When the modem receives these predefined messages, it intimates the same to the microcontroller. The microcontroller upon receiving the information from the modem acts in accordance to the message, making it a highly automated application.
39. Finger print based elevator operating system
According to ancient Greek scripts BIOMETRICS means study of life. Biometrics studies commonly include fingerprint, face, iris, voice, signature, and hand geometry recognition and verification. Many other modalities are in various stages of development and assessment. Among these available biometric traits, Finger Print proves to be one of the best traits providing good mismatch ratio and also reliable. The present scenario to operate a bank locker is with locks which are having keys. By this we can’t say that we are going to provide good security to our lockers. To provide perfect security and to make our work easier, we are taking the help of two different technologies viz. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS and BIOMETRICS.
Firstly discussing about Biometrics we are concentrating on Fingerprint scanning. For this, we are using FIM 3030N high voltage module as a scanner. This module has in-built ROM, DSP and RAM. In this, we can store the fingerprints of up to 100 users. This module can operate in 2 modes i.e., Master mode and User mode. We will be using Master mode to register the fingerprints which will be stored in the ROM present on the scanner with a unique id.
When this module is interfaced with the microcontroller, we will be using it in user mode. In this mode, we will be verifying the scanned images with the stored images. Whenever an authorized person wants to access the elevator, he needs to scan his fingerprint image. When the fingerprint matches with the already stored image in the database, the elevator door will be opened with the help of a stepper motor. This application is mainly designed to provide security in multi storied buildings.
40. Fire detection and automation alert system
Security is primary concern for every one. There are many ways to provide security at homes or in industries. The main aim of this project is to continuously monitor the house or industries and if any fire accidents occur, the system should alert the siren and also inform immediately to the person concerned. This is a purely wireless project using GSM modem and totally eliminates a person who has to monitor the house all the time.
This project works on very well if the person, monitoring the status of the sensor is 24*7 present in the home. But if the person is not available all time, this project cannot provide security in an effective way. Thus to enhance the features of this project, GSM modem is used.
A modem provides the communication interface. It transports device protocols transparently over the network through a serial interface. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.
A smoke detector will be fixed in the house or in an industry. The status of this smoke detector will be continuously monitored by the microcontroller. Whenever the status of the sensor changes, microcontroller detects this and sends a message to the modem which is interfaced with the microcontroller via serial interface. The modem sends the same message to the user mobile number and the user can take the necessary action immediately. The siren will be alerted simultaneously.
41. Frequency jammer for remote controlled bomb blasting system
Now-a-days bomb blasts are becoming a menace for the public. There are many sources for these bomb blasts, but one of the major sources is by using remote controls. To identify a remote control which is being used for the blast is a tedious and time taking process. To overcome such scenarios we are designing a small and portable frequency jammer system which is capable of disabling the receiver so that no transmitter can affect it.
The major application of this project is to avoid bomb explosions which are made through remote controls. Since the commercial Jammer is very costly, this project makes use of a single frequency of 433.92 MHz. To start with, a transmitter transmits a signal which will be received by the receiver on which case the receiver activates the Lamp to indicate that the receiver is disabled. Now the Jammer Module is introduced in this area.
This will collapse the actual data. So the Receiver which is responsible for Bomb explosion cannot receive the data, thus it cannot make the bomb explode. Once the jammer module gets away from the area, the Receiver (which is responsible for bomb explosion) works fine.
The main applications of these jammers include: Originally developed for law enforcement and military, RF jammers have been mainly used to disrupt the communications of criminals and terrorists. One of the most useful applications has been to use RF jammers to prevent the use of cell-phone activated bombs in subways, airports and the routes of presidential motorcades. Furthermore, in hostage situations, police can use RF jammers to place controls on when and where the criminal can make a call. In drug raids, jammers can be used to prevent outside communication. Finally, corporations have also been known to use RF jammers to prevent corporate espionage by blocking voice and image transmissions from camera-enabled phones.
42. Home security system using GSM
Security is primary concern for every one. There are many ways to provide security at homes or in industries. But what if the security is assured irrespective of the person is inside or outside the house. This Project describes a design of effective security alarm system that can monitor the house with different sensors using GSM modem.
Home Security System is a security system using wireless concept that monitors the status of each sensor continuously. This project is mainly useful in homes, industries etc to continuously safeguard homes and industries. The status of these different sensors is monitored continuously and whenever any of the sensors is triggered or activated, the response is identified by the controlling unit using LED indication and also the burglar alarm will be activated.
This project works on very well if the person, monitoring the status of the sensors is 24*7 present in the home. But if the person is not available all time, this project cannot provide security in an effective way. Thus to enhance the features of this project, GSM modem is used.
A modem provides the communication interface. It transports device protocols transparently over the network through a serial interface. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.
Thus, when anything goes wrong in the home, the controller identifies and immediately sends a message to the user’s mobile and at the same time, the burglar alarm will be activated to alert the neighbours so that necessary actions can be taken immediately. If the authorized person is inside the home or industry, only the two sensors i.e., panic switch and the main door sensor will be enabled since if anything goes wrong even in the presence of the authorized person, the burglar alarm should be activated. If this person wishes to go out by opening the main door, the system waits for a small delay allowing the person to close the door. If the door is not closed within provided delay, the controller immediately sends a message to the mobile through the modem and the burglar alarm will be activated. The remaining sensors will be disabled until the person opens the door and closes it within the provided delay. After this, all the sensors will be enabled assuming that the person is outside the home now.
In either case whether the authorized person is in or out of the house, security is provided by all means. This project not only indicates the user about the security breach but also indicates the location of intrusion.
43. Industrial data logger using GSM
The project deals with the design and development of hardware and software for industrial data logger system. A data logger (also data logger or data recorder) is an electronic device that records data over time or in relation to location either with a built in instrument or sensor or by using external instruments and sensors. One of the primary advantages of using these data loggers is the ability to automatically and continuously collect data on a 24-hour basis.
The data which are recorded continuously in this project are Temperature, Intensity, Voltage and Current. These analog quantities are taken and converted into corresponding digital values using an eight channel ADC. These converted digital values are sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller temporarily stores these values.
The user can read these values whenever he wishes to. He can do this easily and conveniently using a GSM modem. A modem provides the communication interface. It transports device protocols transparently over the network through a serial interface. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.
The user has to send predefined messages to the modem to retrieve the data. The modem receives the predefined messages and intimates the same to the microcontroller. Now, it is the job of the microcontroller to read the value from ADC, process it and send the requested value to the user mobile. The user can read the updated data whenever he reads the predefined messages to the modem.
44. Line following ROBOT
Robot is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and software all working together to perform a task. Designing, building, programming and testing a robot is a combination of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, structural engineering, mathematics and computing. In some cases biology, medicine, chemistry might also be involved.
Line follower is a machine that can follow a path. The path can be visible like a black line on a white surface (or vice-versa) or it can be invisible like a magnetic field. Sensing a line and maneuvering the robot to stay on course, while constantly correcting wrong moves using feedback mechanism forms a simple yet effective closed loop system. As a programmer you get an opportunity to ‘teach’ the robot how to follow the line thus giving it a human-like property of responding to stimuli.
Practical applications of a line follower: Automated cars running on roads with embedded magnets; guidance system for industrial robots moving on shop floor etc.
45. Metro train ticketing system using SMART CARD
In these present days, as the man is very busy trying to compete with the challenging world, he does not prefer to waste his valuable time in doing regular things routinely. In railway stations, persons have to monitor in all timings to issue the tickets for MMTS or general train tickets and for platform tickets also. And passengers also have to wait for long time even for this metro train and platform tickets. The person can book the tickets even by online services, but sometimes the network connections may be down or the services may not be updated very often. To avoid this risk and reduce the manpower, we are developing this low cost metro train ticketing system using smart card.
In this project, each user contains one smart card which has some amount of money which is only used for train tickets and platform tickets. When the user goes to station to buy the ticket, he has to insert this card into out ticketing system and enter the destination station. Then this system deducts the respective amount from the smart card and issues the ticket .If the amount is insufficient, the system does not issue the ticket. Once the amount is over, the user has to recharge the same smartcard from railway departments. When the card runs out of balance, the system alerts the buzzer indicating no balance in the card.
In this project we are using 8051 microcontroller to control the all the blocks and take the decision accordingly. LCD is used to display the name of the station and amount to be deducted etc. and a buzzer to indicate the insufficient amount card. Momentary type switches are also used to enter the destination station number.
46. Obstacle detecting ROBOT
Robot is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and software all working together to perform a task. Designing, building, programming and testing a robot is a combination of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, structural engineering, mathematics and computing. In some cases biology, medicine, chemistry might also be involved.
Obstacle Detecting Robot is a machine that detects any obstacle present in its way and if found, changes its direction automatically. Sensing the obstacle and maneuvering the robot to stay on course, while constantly correcting wrong moves using feedback mechanism forms a simple yet effective closed loop system.
47. PC based hi-tech home implementation
In this competitive world and busy schedule human cannot spare more time to perform his daily activities manually. This project is a standalone PC based Hi-tech home implementation using AT89C51 microcontroller. This project is useful in all applications where automation of electrical appliances is required. Use of embedded technology makes this closed loop feedback control system efficient and reliable. Micro controller (AT89C51) allows dynamic and faster control. AT89C51 micro controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls all the functions.
The main aim of this project is to control various electrical appliances by means of PC using PC’s hyper terminal window. This project provides two different modes in order to control various electrical appliances i.e., manual and automatic modes. The user can select the mode accordingly. The person sitting in front of the PC can continuously check the loads being operated in the rooms and can switch off them wherever not required just by sitting in front of his PC. The controlling of loads is done by TRIAC. The main advantage of using a TRIAC to vary the status of loads is the TRIAC reduces the energy flow to the loads and TRIAC works very well for alternating currents.
In order to control the electrical appliances through PC, data transfer must be ensured between PC and 8051 system. Serial data communication uses a single data line which makes it not only cheaper but also enables two computers located in two different cities to communicate over the telephone. There are special IC chips made by many manufacturers for serial data communication. These chips are usually referred to as USART(Universal synchronous-asynchronous receiver-transmitter) and UART(Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter). 8051 chip has an in-built UART i.e., it has an integrated serial port which enables one to read and write values to the serial port very easily.
The rate of data transfer in serial data communication is stated in bps (bits per second) or baud rate. To allow data transfer between PC and 8051 system without any error, the baud rate of the 8051 system should match the baud rate of the PC’s COM port. Thus the operation mode and baud rate of the serial port is to be configured. Once configured, read or write operations can be performed accordingly. Using manual mode, the electrical appliances can be controlled depending on the user’s requirement. Using automatic mode, these electrical appliances can be controlled depending on the environmental conditions. LED indication is provided on the kit for on/off condition of appliances. This project uses regulated 5V power supply.
48. Physically challenging vehicle
Fuzzy logic is used in system control and analysis design, because it shortens the time for engineering development and sometimes, in the case of highly complex systems, is the only way to solve the problem. Fuzzy logic is the way the human brain works and we can mimic this in machines so they will perform somewhat like humans (not to be confused with Artificial Intelligence, where the goal is for machines to perform EXACTLY like humans).
The vehicle can be assumed like a robot which is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and software all working together to perform a task. Designing, building, programming and testing a robot is a combination of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, structural engineering, mathematics and computing. In some cases biology, medicine, chemistry might also be involved.
This physically challenging vehicle is a machine that detects any obstacle present in its way and if found, changes its direction automatically. Sensing the obstacle and maneuvering the robot to stay on course, while constantly correcting wrong moves using feedback mechanism forms a simple yet effective closed loop system.
49. Prepaid card for bus fare system
Most of the people prefer buses as the common modes of transport. As they travel daily by buses, they carry their own pass with them. But some have to pay the bus fare while traveling in the bus. Sometimes they may be chances that a passenger may forget his wallet and his pocket runs out of money. He has to pay the fine finally. So to avoid all these, this project has been designed.
In general, a smart card is an integrated circuit card with memory capable of making decisions. This project can be used for recording the attendance of an employee in an organization or a student in a class. A smart card, chip card or integrated circuit card (ICC), is defined as any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits which can process information. This implies that it can receive input which is processed by way of the ICC applications and delivered as an output. In this project, we are using a contact smart card where the information inside the card is communicated with the card reader by inserting card into the card reader. The card reader in this project used is an SR-90 SDK of 1KB memory size.
The smart card reader contains a PIC 16F73 microcontroller, a voltage regulator, serial cable connections, and an LED which glows whenever a card is inserted into the reader and also it glows whenever it issues any command or receives any command. The Smart Card Reader is interfaced with the microcontroller through serial interface.
The user has to buy a smart card which allows him to ride on the city's network, consisting of suburban trains and buses. As customers travel with this smart card, they scan on at the beginning of their journey and scan off at the end at fare payment devices called smart card readers. If the user smart card is not scanned off at the completion of a journey, a default fare is likely to be charged. This smart card consists of the person’s information such as the CARD ID and the amount is saved. The reader consists of a smart card reader which gives the card details to a microcontroller. The controller then reads the amount & ID number & displays it on the LCD. The amount is deducted from the card and if the balance is low, a beep is sounded. The card can be recharged at recharge centers. Buzzer is used to indicate the beep sound. LCD is used to display the person’s serial number as well as the balance in the card.
The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory. This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms.
50. Remote controlled ROBOT
This project describes a new economical solution of robot control systems. The presented robot control system can be used for different sophisticated robot applications. The control system consists of an IR receiver, a microcontroller that collects data from the IR circuit and control the robot.
Robot is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and software all working together to perform a task. Designing, building, programming and testing a robot is a combination of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, structural engineering, mathematics and computing. In some cases biology, medicine, chemistry might also be involved.
A complete solution of a robot control solution is presented in this project. The robot was fully controlled by the PC and the commands from the PC were received by the microcontroller. The wireless video camera, which was embedded on the robot capture the video and it was transmitted and the image, was viewed over the windows. The robot can be used in military applications.
IR remote acts as the transmitter in this project. When a button is pressed in the remote, the signal will be passed and received by the IR receiver TSOP Receiver. This signal is sent to the microcontroller which decodes the signal and performs the corresponding action in accordance with the button pressed in the remote. For example, if number 1 is pressed in the remote, the robot will be turned left according to the user requirement. The other tasks will be performed in the similar fashion using IR.
51. Advanced embedded remote robot using RF
The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory. This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms.
This project describes a new economical solution of robot control systems. The presented robot control system can be used for different sophisticated robot applications. The control system consists of an RF transmitter and receiver, a microcontroller that collects data from the RF receiver and controls the robot.
Robot is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and software all working together to perform a task. Designing, building, programming and testing a robot is a combination of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, structural engineering, mathematics and computing.
The RF modules used here are STT-433 MHz Transmitter, STR-433 MHz Receiver, HT640 RF Encoder and HT648 RF Decoder. Momentary switches are interfaced to the RF transmitter through RF Encoder. The encoder continuously reads the status of the switches, passes the data to the RF transmitter and the transmitter transmits the data.
At the receiving end, the RF receiver receives this data, gives it to RF decoder. This decoder converts the single bit data into 8-bit data and presents it to the microcontroller. Now, it is the job of the controller to read the data and perform the corresponding action i.e., to move the robot back, front, left or right.
52. Advanced embedded remote robot using RF
The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory. This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms.
This project describes a new economical solution of robot control systems. The presented robot control system can be used for different sophisticated robot applications. The control system consists of an RF transmitter and receiver, a microcontroller that collects data from the RF receiver and controls the robot.
Robot is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and software all working together to perform a task. Designing, building, programming and testing a robot is a combination of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, structural engineering, mathematics and computing.
The RF modules used here are STT-433 MHz Transmitter, STR-433 MHz Receiver, HT640 RF Encoder and HT648 RF Decoder. Momentary switches are interfaced to the RF transmitter through RF Encoder. The encoder continuously reads the status of the switches, passes the data to the RF transmitter and the transmitter transmits the data .
At the receiving end, the RF receiver receives this data, gives it to RF decoder. This decoder converts the single bit data into 8-bit data and presents it to the microcontroller. Now, it is the job of the controller to read the data and perform the corresponding action i.e., to move the robot back, front, left or right.
53. RFID based prepaid energy meter
Due to the drastic changes in technology in the last decade, so many advancements were introduced in electricity departments. The electricity bill can be paid now through E-Seva centers, ATMs, Net-banking and even through mobile phones. But prepaid electricity is a unique and new concept which saves lot of time and power for electricity department. In this system the user has to purchase a prepaid RFID card and it should be brought near the RFID reader provided on prepaid energy meter kit.
The standard business model of electricity retailing involves the electricity company billing the customer for the amount of energy used in the previous month. If the retailer believes that the customer may not pay the bill, a prepayment meter may be installed. This requires the customer to make advance payment before electricity can be used. If the available credit is exhausted then the supply of electricity is automatically cut off by a relay. The METER consists of a microcontroller, a current feedback section consisting of a current transformer, a signal conditioning circuit & ADC. A prepaid RFID card containing a serial number & amount has to be inserted into the meter. The meter calculates the current consumption & accordingly deducts the amount from the card.
54. RFID security access control system
RFID is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification. RFID is one member in the family of Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) technologies and is a fast and reliable means of identifying just about any material object. This project can be used for security purpose where it gives information about the authorized persons and unauthorized persons. This can be applied in real time systems as such in recording the attendance, in the companies and industries to know who are authorized. RFID is increasingly used with biometric technologies for security. Primarily, the two main components involved in a Radio Frequency Identification system are the Transponder (tags that are attached to the object) and the Interrogator (RFID reader). Communication between the RFID reader and tags occurs wirelessly and generally doesn’t require a line of sight between the devices.
In this project, the RFID module reader typically contains a module (transmitter and receiver), a control unit and a coupling element (antenna). This module is interfaced with the micro controller and when the card is brought near to the RFID module, it reads the data in the card and displays on the LCD. If the data in the card is matched with the data stored in the program memory, then it compares and displays authorized message. If the data is not matched it displays unauthorized.
For authorized message, the door will be opened and closes automatically after a small delay. If it is an unauthorized person it alerts the persons through a buzzer. The RFID module alerts the buzzer whenever it reads the data from the RFID card. The significant advantage of all types of RFID systems is the non contact, non-line-of-sight nature of the technology. Tags can be read through a variety of substances such as snow, fog, ice, paint, crusted grime, and other visually and environmentally challenging conditions, where barcodes or other optically read technologies would be useless. This project can provide security for the industries, companies, etc.
54. Smart information system for lost ATM cards
The advent of technology is increasing day by day. Man stopped carrying money purses or wallets with them wherever they go. Instead, they started carrying Credit Cards, Debit Cards and ATMs. They carry on with their shopping and pay the bill amounts using these cards. Thus, these cards have become a part of human life. But, if a human loses this card, the loss cannot even be imagined. When the technology brings out a new invent into light, the invent has its own advantages and disadvantages. As an engineer, it is our responsibility to use the technology in a right way at the best.
This project has been designed as a real time application to trace out the lost ATM cards. Whenever the user inserts his ATM card into ATM machine, a message will be sent to the user providing the details like time of card insertion, date, place where the card has been inserted. This database will be maintained both in the bank and at the ATM center which is real time environment which is being simulated using a switch. Whenever any user loses his ATM card, he puts a complaint in the bank. When this lost card if placed in the ATM center by any person other than the user, the card details will be immediately sent to the bank. Thus, the bank gets the information about the lost ATM card.
55. SMS-electrical apparatus control in home
Home makers are the backbone of Indian families. They do a lot of home work since morning to night. All the electronic devices required may be present at homes to perform various tasks like washing the clothes, watering the plants etc. But even after, a person should be available to operate the devices to perform the tasks. This project eliminates all such and provides a better solution using the wireless communication GSM. All the electronic devices which are to be operated should be connected to the main controlling unit. The controlling unit contains the microcontroller and the modem. A modem provides the communication interface. It transports device protocols transparently over the network through a serial interface. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.
The GSM modem will be interfaced to the microcontroller section through serial port interface. If the user wants to operate any appliances, he/she has to send predefined message to the GSM modem. The controller section will have the switch controls of the devices. The user has to send the predefined SMS to the modem whenever he wants to change the status of any of the appliances. Thus, the homemakers can easily carry on with their works while watching their favourite daily programmes.
56. Substation monitoring and control system using GSM
This project aims at continuously monitor the load conditions of the substation. It also monitors the temperature of the devices present in the substation. If the load increases beyond the substation’s rated capacity, the microcontroller will automatically shut down the substation and intimates the same to the operator by sending a message through a GSM modem. A modem provides the communication interface. It transports device protocols transparently over the network through a serial interface. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves. If the temperature of the substation increases, then the microcontroller will automatically starts the cooling system for the substation. At any point, if the operator wants to know the loads conditions and the temperature, he has to send a predefined message to the modem which is interfaced with the microcontroller and the controller acknowledges the operator with the required information.
57. Time based electrical appliances control in industries using RTC
specific intervals according to our requirements and also based on the device’s constraints. For these purposes, a person should be employed to monitor the status of the loads. But there may be chances that the person may forget to operate these loads at defined intervals. And also it is not an easy task for a person to operate these loads manually as these loads run with high currents and high power consumption. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation is completely eliminated. This project provides different on and off timings to operate the loads. The user can once program these timings according to his requirements and these timings will be stored in EEPROM and cannot be erased unless the user wishes to change it again. This system switches on the loads only at preprogrammed timings. As the DS1307 Real Time Clock chip with battery back-up is used, there will be no disturbances for the programmed on/off timings even in power failures.
Three switches are provided for entering the required timings. These switches made this project user friendly. 16X2 LCD display is provided to display the alarm times and current time. DS1307 is interfaced to the microcontroller for real timing performance. A 3V battery can be connected to DS1307 to avoid time disturbances caused by power failures. The user may even change the preprogrammed timings and set his timings according to his requirements. External EPROM is used in this project to store the set timings. Data stored remains in the memory even after power failure, as the memory ensures reading of the latest saved settings by the micro controller. It can retain data for more than ten years.
58. Visulence control system for train drivers
Now-a-days public is facing many threats from the railway department by which they are hesitating to plan a train journey. The main reason for this is due to the accidents that occur due to negligence of train drivers. Though the railway department is trying to take actions to reduce such informal things but couldn’t see the face of success. To help out the department we have designed our system.
This project is introduced to monitor driver’s condition and to alert him. The main functionality of this system is to monitor the driver’s action for some time and if he fails to do any defined action within a specific period, the train will be stopped immediately. Here the driver’s actions can be defined as blowing the horn or applying brake or accelerating the train etc. If the driver fails to do any of the above actions for every 2 minutes, our system gives a siren sound which the driver should switch off with in the defined time, if failed the train will stop immediately. This system also checks for the stop signal or red light signal irrespective of driver’s action and status and stops the train. In this way by monitoring the common parameters continuously, we have every chance to reduce accidents. For demonstration, we will be providing switches for each parameter so that we can simulate and show the result of our system effectively. Thus we can say that this system proves to be a very useful tool for the railways department to reduce the accidents rate.
59. Unmanned petrol bunk system
Today almost all petrol pumps have a microcontroller to control the electrical pump, drive the display, measure the flow & accordingly turn OFF the electrical pump. But still a person is required to collect the money. Our project is designed to eliminate this human interaction so that there is no need of workers to fill the petrol.
RFID tags are categorized as either active or passive. Active RFID tags are powered by an internal battery and are typically read/write, i.e., tag data can be rewritten and/or modified. An active tag's memory size varies according to application requirements; some systems operate with up to 1MB of memory. Passive RFID tags operate without a separate external power source and obtain operating power generated from the reader. This project uses passive tags. Read-only tags are typically passive and are programmed with a unique set of data (usually 32 to 128 bits) that cannot be modified. The reader has three main functions: energizing, demodulating and decoding. The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag and to read and write data to it. The significant advantage of all types of RFID systems is the non contact, non-line-of-sight nature of the technology. Tags can be read through a variety of substances such as snow, fog, ice, paint, crusted grime, and other visually and environmentally challenging conditions, where barcodes or other optically read technologies would be useless.
In this system, all drivers have a smart card called just like a petrocard. This card can be recharged by some recharge points. The petrol pump is equipped with a smart card reader/write. At the Petrol Pump, the driver swaps the card and the smart card reader reads the amount in the card and will display it on the LCD. The driver then enters the quantity of petrol that has to be filled using a keypad. The corresponding amount is calculated & deducted from his petrocard. The electrical pump is then turned ON according to the entered amount, fills the tank and automatically turns OFF.
60. Vehicle access control system
An Embedded Project is a combination of both hardware and software intended to perform a specific task. In this age of global terrorism, there is very much need to provide security mainly in military zones. Mostly, the security should be ensured while any vehicle is entering into the military premises. The unauthorized vehicles should not be allowed inside. But, the manual checking of the vehicles is not possible and also a safety action to carry on. So for this reason, we are going to build a smart wireless communication system, which is mounted in the vehicle that can offer greater deterrence against security. We propose an automated check post system where the vehicle is fitted with a wireless embedded system.
The wireless system transmits vehicle data like the type of engine number / ID of a car. This data is acquired by the system at check post. Only after authorization from a processing unit, the vehicle can pass the check post. If there is any unauthorized vehicle, the check post system alarms the embedded system, which stops the vehicle to enter into the secured premises.
61. Vehicle parking system using smart card
Smart cards have been around for a while now and it has been mainly used to store some kind of monetary value. Currently smart cards can be seen in the transportation, telecommunication and retail sectors. This project aims to design a vehicle parking card system using smart card technology that can be usable in the transportation, retail and educational sectors. The smart card will be used as means for identification, security and cash. This project is an innovative electronic parking payment system that provides the ultimate solution for drivers, municipalities and private parking lot owners. This enables the drivers to be charged for the exact period of time parked, while simplifying the monitoring and collection of parking fees. This powerful smart card functions as an in vehicle parking meter, eliminating the need to search for coins when finding a parking place. This project also provides an efficient alternative to coin-operated meters and pay and display ticketing systems. Simple and cost-effective to implement, this project operates as a stand-alone system or alongside traditional parking payment systems to eliminate fraud and reduce cash handling.
In general, a smart card is an integrated circuit card with memory capable of making decisions. A smart card, chip card or integrated circuit card (ICC), is defined as any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits which can process information. In this project, we are using a contact smart card where the information inside the card is communicated with the card reader by inserting card into the card reader. The card reader in this project used is an SR-90 SDK of 1KB memory size. Every driver owns his vehicle parking card. This card contains the amount for the parking fares. The smart card readers will be fixed everywhere in the card parking centers. If a person wants to park his vehicle in the parking center, he has to insert his parking smart card into the reader before parking. The reader reads the in time of the vehicle and passes the data to the microcontroller. When the vehicle is leaving the parking center, the driver once again has to insert his card so that the reader records the out time now. Checking the in and out times, the controller calculates the parking fare and automatically deducts this amount from the driver parking card. If the balance is low in the card, a buzzer alert will be indicated and the user has to recharge the card for the parking fares. The amount of balance deducted will be visualized on LCD display.
62. Wireless data encryption and decryption for security in army applications
Everyone in this world wants to be safe and secure. Even a small kid tries to protect his toys in a safe place. The situation becomes more complicated when it comes to Multinational companies, Military, Army. Even a common man puts his maximum efforts to protect his data. One of the popular methods to protect the data in a more secure way is to encrypt the data while sending and when received, decrypt the data to retrieve the original message. Before transmitting the data, the data will be converted into an unreadable form and will be sent. At the receiving end, the reverse of encryption carries on to get back the original message. Thus the data will be protected in every way by following the encryption and decryption standard formats. Wireless makes this project more flexible. Standard algorithms require software to be installed into the system before actually using them and hardwired connections. The hardware connections and cabling can be completely eliminated in this project. The most efficient and reliable wireless communication is RF. The RF modules used here are STT-433 MHz Transmitter, STR-433 MHz Receiver, HT640 RF Encoder and HT648 RF Decoder. The data entered from the PC keyboard is sent to the microcontroller at the transmitter side. The microcontroller converts the data into unreadable form i.e., encrypts the data and then passes the encrypted data to the RF transmitter through RF Encoder.
At the receiver end, the RF receiver receives the data from air, passes the data to the RF decoder. The same data is sent to the microcontroller from the decoder. This microcontroller receives the encrypted data, decrypts the data i.e., finally converts the data into a form suitable for the user to read. This decrypted data can be seen on the receiver PC. Thus, the data is protected while it is transmitted and received between two PCs.
63. Wireless security system
Security is primary concern for every one. There are many ways to provide security at homes or in industries. But what if the security is assured irrespective of the person is inside or outside the house. This Project describes a design of effective security alarm system that can monitor an industry or house with different sensors using RF. Wireless Security System is a security system using RF that monitors the status of each sensor at the transmitter side and displays this status at the receiver end. This project is mainly useful in homes, industries etc to continuously safeguard homes and industries. The RF transmitter and receiver can be placed anywhere within 100 meters since the range of RF modules used in this project is 100 meters. The status of these different sensors can be monitored continuously and this status is transmitted using RF Transmitter. The response of these sensors is read at the receiver end. Whenever any of the sensors is triggered or activated, the response can be identified at the receiver side using LED indication and also on the LCD display and also the burglar alarm will be activated.
This project works on very well if the person, monitoring the status of the sensors at the receiver side, is 24*7 at the receiver end. But if the person is not available all time, this project cannot provide security in an effective way. Thus to enhance the features of this project, AUTO DIALER is also included. Thus, when anything goes wrong at the transmitter side, the same will be transmitted and received at the receiver side and the burglar alarm will be activated to alert the neighbours and at the same time, autodialing action will be carried on. The system dials to the number already stored in the system. Thus, the person associated with this system receives the call from the system and can proceed with the necessary action.
If the authorized person is inside the home or industry, only the two sensors i.e., panic switch and the main door sensor will be enabled since if anything goes wrong even in the presence of the authorized person, autodialing action should be performed and even the burglar alarm should be activated. If this person wishes to go out by opening the main door, the system waits for a small delay allowing the person to close the door. If the door is closed within provided delay, the autodialing action will be performed immediately. The remaining sensors will be disabled until the person opens the door and closes it within the provided delay. After this, all the sensors will be enabled assuming that the person is outside the home now. In either case whether the authorized person is in or out of the house, security is provided by all means. The RF modules used here are STT-433 MHz Transmitter, STR-433 MHz Receiver, HT640 RF Encoder and HT648 RF Decoder. RF Transmitter is connected to the different sensors through RF Encoder. This encoder converts the 8-bit data into a single bit and sends it to the transmitter which will be transmitting. The data which is in the air is an analog value. At the receiving end, the receiver receives this analog value on a single data line and passes this data to the decoder. The decoder does the opposite functioning of the encoder i.e., it converts the single bit data into eight bit data and gives it to the microcontroller which does the further processing.
64. Wireless stepper motor control
The project deals with the design and development of hardware and software for Wireless Stepper motor control system. Three switches are used to control the direction of the stepper motor at the transmitter side. The status of these switches is transmitted using RF transmitter and received by the RF receiver. The microcontroller at the receiver will be continuously monitoring the status of these switches received from the decoder and performs the corresponding action. The RF modules used here are STT-433 MHz Transmitter, STR-433 MHz Receiver, HT640 RF Encoder and HT648 RF Decoder. The three switches are interfaced to the RF transmitter through RF Encoder. The encoder continuously reads the status of the switches, passes the data to the RF transmitter and the transmitter transmits the data.
At the receiving end, the RF receiver receives this data, gives it to RF decoder. This decoder converts the single bit data into 8-bit data and presents it to the microcontroller. Now, it is the job of the controller to read the data and perform the corresponding action i.e., to rotate the stepper motor clockwise, anticlockwise or entirely stop it. LCD display is provided at the receiver side to display the status of the stepper motor.
65. Two telephone lines intercom
66. Auto control of 3ph induction motor
67. Caller id
68. Code lock
69. Electronic cash register
70. Electronic voting machine
71. Fingerprint security
72. Fire fight robot
73. Home security
74. Ir remote switch
75. Line follower robot
76. Night light saver
77. Parallel telephone line
78. Password based door lock
79. Remote controlled switch board fan 6+1
80. Rf based auto meter reading
81. Rf based remote control
82. Room light controller
83. SMS through telephone
84. Telephone control motor
85. Temp control fan regulator
86. Temperature indicator
87. Time operated electric control
88. Home automation over internet
89. Application of Modified Adaptive Median Filter for Impulse Noise
90. Performance Evaluation of Curvelet and Wavelet based Denoising Methods on Brain Computed Tomography Images
91. Directional Basis For Noise Reduction And Sharpness Enhancement
92. Super-resolution Image Reconstruction For Gaussian Plus Salt-and-Pepper Noise Removal
93. The Mathematical Programming Problem of Total Variation Image Denoising Model
94. Hardware and Software Synthesis of Image Filters From CAL Dataflow Specification
95. A New Adaptive Switching Median Filter
96. The Noise Elimination of the Image Based on Otsu
97. A Fuzzy Filter for Random Impulse Noise Removal From Video
98. A New and Efficient Algorithm for the removal of high density salt and pepper noise in images and videos
99. Improved Tolerance based Selective Arithmetic Mean Filter for Detection and Removal of Impulse Noise
100. Application of Wavelet Threshold Denoising Method in Signal Preprocessing for Blast Vibration
101. A New Adaptive Weight Algorithm for Salt and Pepper Noise Removal
102. Image Denoising using Contourlet and Two- Dimensional Principle Component Analysis
103. An Effective Adaptive Median Filter Algorithm for Removing Salt & Pepper Noise in Images
104. An Efficient Non-linear Cascade Filtering Algorithm for Removal of High Density Salt and Pepper Noise in Image and Video sequence
105. New Method Based on Curvelet Transform for Image Denoising
106. An Improved Threshold De-Noising Algorithm Based on Inter-Scale Dependency of wavelet
107. A Median Filter Method for Image Noise Variance Estimation
108. Novel image registration method using gradient based algorithm Along with multi-resolution wavelet transform
109. A Fuzzy Filter for the Removal of Random Impulse Noise in Colour Video
110. Removal of salt-and-pepper noise based on compressed sensing
111. Thresholded Weighted Median Filters for Ringing Reduction in Processed Images
112. CFA-based motion blur removal
113. Image De-Noising Algorithm Study and Realization Based on Wavelet Analysis
114. An Efficient Image Noise Removal And Enhancement Method
115. Image Denoising in Wavelet Domain Using a New Thresholding function
116. The Image Edge Detection Algorithm based on Wavelet Denoising and Mathematics Morphology
117. Linear Image Processing Operations With Operational Tight Packing
118. Switching Bilateral Filter with a texture/noise detector for Universal Noise Removal
119. Image Denoising in Mixed Poisson-Gaussian Noise
120. Improved Tolerance based Selective Arithmetic Mean Filter for Detection and Removal of Impulse Noise
121. Removal of High Density Salt and Pepper Noise Through Modified Decision Based Unsymmetric Trimmed Median Filter
122. Wavelet De-Noising Double-Threshold Optimization Method and Its Application
123. Wavelet-Domain Color Image Enhancement Using Filtered Directional Bases and Frequency-Adaptive Shrinkage
124. Image Enhancement and Denoise Based on Structure Self-Similarity and Wavelet Transform Coefficients
125. Novel Image Registration Method using Gradient Based Algorithm along with Multi-Resolution Wavelet Transform
126. A Despeckling Algorithm Combining Curvelet and Wavelet Transforms of High Resolution SAR Images
127. Edge Enhancement Algorithm Based on the Wavelet Transform for Automatic Edge Detection in SAR Images
128. A modified Retinex Algorithm based onWavelet Transformation
129. Wavelets, Curvelets and Wave Atoms for Image Denoising
130. Image denoising using multi-scale thresholds method in the wavelet domain
131. Switching Bilateral Filter with a texture/noise detector for Universal Noise Removal
132. Wavelet-Domain Color Image Enhancement Using Filtered
133. Directional Bases and Frequency-Adaptive Shrinkage
134. Genetic Algorithm-Piecewise Support Vector Machine Model for Short Term Wind Power Prediction
135. Image Enhancement Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm and Lifting Wavelet Method
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